Module 2 / Lesson 1
Credential Types
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A credential is what a person (or device) presents to prove they should be allowed in.
Common credential types
- Proximity cards — low-cost 125 kHz cards; easy to use but easy to clone
- Smart cards — 13.56 MHz cards with encryption and mutual authentication
- Mobile credentials — stored in a phone wallet, presented over NFC or Bluetooth
- PINs — a memorized code entered on a keypad
- Biometrics — fingerprint, face, or iris matched against a stored template
- Key fobs & visitor badges — convenient or temporary credentials
Single vs. multi-factor
Combining types — for example card + PIN — creates multi-factor access for higher-security doors.